Protists and the Origin of Eukaryotes

Topics

Reminders

• Eukaryotic Origins
• chp 26, pp 533-551
• Emphasis: class outline
• Study Outline: pp 556-567
• Self Quiz: 557-558

1. Introduction

• Kingdom of Protista
• origin of eukaryotes
  • fig. 26.2
  • endosymbiotic model
• diversity
• habitats

2. Morphology of Protists

• unicellular, acellular and multicellular
• complex cells, membrane-bounded organelles
  • nuclei, mitochondria, chloroplasts, vacuoles
• extracellular matrix or cell wall

3. Motility of Protists

• motility
  • contractile fibers
  • flagella
  • cilia
  • amoeboid movements
  • none
• diatoms

4. Reproduction

• asexual reproduction
  • mitosis
• sexual reproduction
  • meiosis
  • gametes may be present
  • conjugation
• multicellular algae life cycle
  • sporophyte
  • gametophyte

5. Metabolic diversity

• chemoheterotrophs
  • aerobic respiration
  • anaerobic respiration
• photoautotrophs
  • aerobic respiration

6. Origin of Eukaryotes

• the Antiquity of Eukaryotes
  • prokaryotes: 3.8 billion years ago
  • appearance of eukaryotes: probably 1.5 - 2.0 billion years ago
  • oxygen revolution

7. Protozoa

• Phylum Rhizopoda
  • amoeba
  • pseudopods
  • gel-sol
  • contractile vacuoles
• Phylum Foraminifera
  • porous shells - calcium carbonate
  • strands of cytoplasm
  • white cliffs of Dover
• Phylum Apicomplexa
  • sporozoan
  • complicated life cycle
  • Plasmodium
    • malaria
    • parasitic
• Phylum Zoomastigophora
  • flagella, one or more
  • some parasitic
    • Trypanosoma, African sleeping sickness
• Phylum Ciliophora
  • cilia, numerous
  • metachromatic wave
  • macronucleus
  • micronucleus
  • Paramecium

8. Algae

• photosynthetic pigments
• mixotrophic
• table 26.2
• Phylum Dinoflagellata
  • red tide
  • internal plates of cellulose
  • whirling swimming motion
• Phylum Bacillariophyta
  • diatoms
  • unique glass-like wall
  • gliding motion
• Phylum Euglenophyta
  • Euglena
  • flagella
  • autotroph or heterotroph
• Phylum Chlorophyta
  • grass green chloroplasts
  • store starch
  • Chlamydomonas
  • Volvox
• Phylum Phaeophyta
  • brown algae
  • kelp forest

9. Fungus-Like Protists

• Phylum Myxomycota
  • plasmodial slime mold
• Phylum Acrasiomycota
  • cellular slime mold